Seven criteria have been described as important clinical predictors for the presence of ATAI. The incidence of ATAI is approximately 1/100,000 per year.
Surviving trauma patients require prompt and accurate diagnosis to allow timely repair of the injury, especially given that 60% may have no overt clinical sign of thoracic trauma. Of individuals with ATAI, 70% to 90% die at the trauma scene. The value of multiplanar reformation, as allowed by the current CT scanners, cannot be overemphasized in the trauma setting.Īcute traumatic aortic injury (ATAI) is a common cause of prehospital mortality, accounting for approximately 15% to 20% of prehospital traumatic deaths. The rapid acquisition of data with multidetector helical CT scanners has led to a significant increase in cross-sectional imaging in the setting of trauma. CT allows evaluation of the airways, pulmonary parenchyma, aorta and great vessels, pericardium, pleura, chest wall, diaphragm, and osseous structures. After the chest radiograph, computed tomography (CT) is the next most used diagnostic modality, although in the stable patient, cross-sectional imaging is often performed concurrently with radiographs. The initial screening test in thoracic trauma is the frontal chest radiograph obtained in the trauma bay.
Radiologists must know the typical injuries associated with thoracic trauma to provide the proper diagnosis and contribute to the immediate treatment plan. Other common causes of blunt thoracic trauma include falls from heights of greater than 10 feet and motor vehicle collisions involving pedestrians/bicyclists. The thorax is the fourth most injured area in unrestrained passengers, but it is the most commonly injured area in individuals who are restrained by a seat belt. The article shortly describes and illustrates the most important manifestations of blunt force injuries (including head trauma) under reconstructive aspects and from the medicolegal point of view.Blunt thoracic trauma is a common indication for hospital admission, with the predominant cause of trauma being motor vehicle collisions. Within the body, blunt traumatization may be followed by bone fractures and laceration/rupture of vessels and organs with concomitant blood loss and potential failure of vital functions. In some cases, a patterned configuration helps to determine characteristic features of the causative instrument. On skin, blunt traumatization produces abrasions, contusions (bruises), and lacerations. They not only occur in physical child abuse and other kinds of domestic violence, in traffic, sports, and industrial accidents but also in falls brought about by the victims themselves for various reasons (e.g., in drunken, infirm, or sick persons or in suicides jumping from a height). In forensic practice, injuries from blunt force are often seen after criminal assaults where they may be inflicted, for instance, by fist blows or kicking. The impact is induced either by a moving blunt object hitting the body or the victim's movement against an obstacle having a hard surface. Blunt injuries are caused by mechanical force resulting in damage to the affected tissues mainly due to compression, traction, torsion, and shear stresses.
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